Korean age: the number people actually mean
Ask a Korean how old they are and the number you get back is usually their Korean age. You are 1 on the day you are born, and then the whole country gains a year together on January 1. Nobody waits for their own birthday.
That is why a baby born on December 31 is 2 years old the next morning, and why your Korean age is one or two years above the number on your passport.